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Implementation of Epigenetic Variation in Sorghum Selection and Implications for Crop Resilience Breeding

Content Type
Author or Institution as Author
Ketumile, D.
Co-authors

Yang, X., Sanchez, R., Kundariya, H., Rajewski, J., Dweikat, I.M. and Mackenzie, S.A

Date of publication
Edition or Version
1.00
Institution
Frontiers in Plant Science
Language
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Description/Abstract

Crop resilience and yield stability are complex traits essential for food security. Sorghum bicolor is an important grain crop that shows promise for its natural resilience to drought and potential for marginal land production. We have developed sorghum lines in the Tx430 genetic background suppressed for MSH1 expression as a means of inducing de novo epigenetic variation, and have used these materials to evaluate changes in plant growth vigor. Plant crossing and selection in two distinct environments revealed features of phenotypic plasticity derived from MSH1 manipulation. Introduction of an epigenetic variation to an isogenic sorghum population, in the absence of selection, resulted in 10% yield increase under ideal field conditions and 20% increase under extreme low nitrogen conditions. However, incorporation of early-stage selection amplified these outcomes to 36% yield increase under ideal conditions and 64% increase under marginal field conditions. Interestingly, the best outcomes were derived by selecting mid-range performance early-generation lines rather than highest performing. Data also suggested that phenotypic plasticity derived from the epigenetic variation was nonuniform in its response to environmental variability but served to reduce genotype × environment interaction. The MSH1-derived growth vigor appeared to be associated with enhanced seedling root growth and altered expression of auxin response pathways, and plants showed evidence of cold tolerance, features consistent with observations made previously in Arabidopsis. These data imply that the MSH1 system is conserved across plant species, pointing to the value of parallel model plant studies to help devise effective plant selection strategies for epigenetic breeding in multiple crops.

Keywords
Sorghum bicolor, MutS HOMOLOG 1, phenotypic plasticity, nitrogen stress, G×E
Contact name (for further information)
MAckenzie, S.A.
Contact email (for further information)
Contact institution (for further information)
Department of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
Citation

Ketumile D, Yang X, Sanchez R, Kundariya H, Rajewski J, Dweikat IM and Mackenzie SA (2022) Implementation of Epigenetic Variation in Sorghum Selection and Implications for Crop Resilience Breeding. Front. Plant Sci. 12:798243. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798243

CCARDESA Category

Effects of biochar and sewage sludge on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) yield and soil NO3 - content in texturally different soils in Glen Valley, Botswana

Content Type
Author or Institution as Author
Majaule, U.
Co-authors

Dikinya, O., Moseki, B. and Glaser, B.

Date of publication
Edition or Version
1.00
Institution
Academic Journals- African Journal of Agricultural Research
Language
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Description/Abstract

The effects of biochar and sewage sludge application on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) yield and soil NO3 - content were investigated in typical soils of Botswana (Luvisol, Cambisol) under field conditions. Ten treatments with 3 levels of biochar (0, 2.5, 5 tons ha-1 ) and sewage sludge (0, 6, 12 ton ha-1 ) were applied in 2 subsequent seasons. Significant (p < 0.05) yield increase on the Luvisol occurred if sewage sludge was added at 12 Mg ha-1 with or without biochar. A combination of 6 Mg ha-1 sludge and 5 Mg ha-1 biochar application resulted in the highest crop yield over 2 seasons. On the Cambisol, only marginal yield increase occurred upon high rates of sole organic amendments and chemical fertilizer, while coapplications decreased yields. Decrease in soil NO3 - content caused yield declines in the second season, while P uptake increased significantly (p < 0.05). Correlations between yields, soil NO3 - and leaf N contents were insignificant (p > 0.05). On the Cambisol, a significant regression model for sludge and soil NO3 - was determined. Therefore, one – time combined application of 6 Mg ha-1 sewage sludge and 5 Mg ha-1 on the Luvisol, and 12 Mg ha-1 sewage sludge are recommended for spinach production on the Luvisol and Cambisol, respectively. In subsequent seasons, crop productivity could be maintained by application of mineral N in order to mitigate over-application of P.

Keywords
Biochar, sewage sludge, soil NO3, luvisol, cambisol
Contact name (for further information)
Majaule, U.
Contact email (for further information)
Contact institution (for further information)
Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana
Citation

Majaule, U., Dikinya, O., Moseki, B. and Glaser, B. (2020). Effects of biochar and sewage sludge on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) yield and soil NO3 - content in texturally different soils in Glen Valley, Botswana. African Journal of Biotechnology. Vol. 19(5), pp.287-300, May, 2020 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2020.17146 Article Number: DC0DB1B63796 ISSN: 1684-5315

http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB

CCARDESA Category

Interactive Effects of Biochar and Sewage Sludge on Bioavailability and Plant Uptake of Cu, Fe, and Zn, and Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Yields under Wastewater Irrigation

Content Type
Author or Institution as Author
Majaule, U.
Co-authors

Dikinya, O. and Glaser, B.

Date of publication
Edition or Version
1.00
Institution
MDPI
Language
Gender marker
Youth marker
Description/Abstract

Biochar can influence bioavailability of micronutrients and crop yields in sewage sludge-treated soils, but the mechanisms of its effects remain poorly understood. Therefore, this field experiment was conducted on a Luvisol and Cambisol to investigate the bioavailability and uptake of some micronutrients and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) yields grown in soil amended with biochar and sewage sludge. Ten treatments arranged in randomized complete block design with three levels of biochar (0, 2.5, 5 t/ha) and sewage sludge (0, 6, 12 t/ha) and combinations thereof were applied. High rate of sole sewage sludge, and its combination with biochar significantly (p < 0.05) increased yield on the Luvisol. On the Cambisol, only marginal yield increase resulted from high rates of sole organic amendments and chemical fertilizer, while co-applications decreased yields. Co-amendments generally increased bioavailability of micronutrients relative to sole amendments in the order Fe > Cu = Zn, with greater increase on the Cambisol, but uptake of micronutrients decreased with co-application rates of amendments. Contents of micronutrients in plant leaves were within the normal range, except for a combination of highest dosage of co-amendments on the Cambisol (Fe; 560 mg/kg), which resulted in leaf necrosis and 7% yield depression. The results showed greater yield response of spinach to co-application of amendments on the Luvisol.

Keywords
co-application; organic amendments; micronutrients; Spinacia oleracea L.; wastewater
Contact name (for further information)
Majaule, U.
Contact email (for further information)
Contact institution (for further information)
Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana
Citation

MAjaule, U., Dikinya, O. and Glaser, B. (2020). Interactive Effects of Biochar and Sewage Sludge on Bioavailability and Plant Uptake of Cu, Fe, and Zn, and Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Yields under Wastewater Irrigation. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1901; doi:10.3390/agronomy10121901

http://www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy

CCARDESA Category

Assessing yield stability and adaptability of Andean common bean genotypes in the semi-arid environment of Botswana

Content Type
Author or Institution as Author
Molosiwa, O.O.
Co-authors

Pharudi, J., Seketeme, S. Mashiqa, P. and Chirwa, R.

Date of publication
Edition or Version
1.00
Institution
Academic Journals- African Journal of Agricultural Research
Language
Gender marker
Youth marker
Description/Abstract

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a vital source of nutrients worldwide. It is one of the most consumed grain legume in Botswana. Fourteen Andean common bean genotypes were evaluated in four environments (two seasons and two diverse agro-ecologies) to determine the effect of genotype and environment interaction and yield stability. The genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield data was analyzed on additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), cultivar superiority index, Wricke’s ecovalence and Finlay and Wilkinson regression. There was a lack of variation among the selected genotypes, while environment and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) was significant (P <0.01), which is an opportunity to select stable genotypes across environments. AMMI model for total variation revealed that the environment effect was dominant at 36.83%, genotype × environment interaction at 19.82%, while genotype alone was 3.38%. The cumulative sum of squares of the first two interaction principal component axes (IPCAs) accounted for 76.13% of interaction. Stability coefficients consistently identified genotypes DAB494, CAL96 and DAB541 as the most stable and well adapted, besides the low yield realized. These genotypes are useful for stability breeding purposes and for introduction to the semi-arid environment of Botswana.

Keywords
Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), genotype × environment interaction
(GEI), interaction principal component axes (IPCA), Phaseolus vulgaris
Contact name (for further information)
Molosiwa, O.O.
Contact email (for further information)
Contact institution (for further information)
Department of Agricultural Research- Botswana
Citation

Molosiwa, O.O., Pharudi, J., Seketeme, S. Mashiqa, P. and Chirwa, R. (2019). Assessing yield stability and adaptability of Andean common bean genotypes in the semi-arid environment of Botswana. African Journal of Agricultural Research. Vol. 14(32), pp. 1593-1600, September, 2019 DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2019.13988 Article Number: AA5E1BC61932 ISSN: 1991-637X. 

CCARDESA Category

Effect of Plant Spacing on Agronomic Performance and Fodder Quality of Four Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) Cultivars

Content Type
Author or Institution as Author
Molosiwa, O.O.
Co-authors

Baleseng, L. and Chirwa, R.

Date of publication
Edition or Version
1.00
Institution
Hindawi
Language
Gender marker
Youth marker
Description/Abstract

Tepary bean is gaining interest around the world as a dryland field crop. A two-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of plant spacing on the agronomic performance and fodder quality of the crop. A split-plot design was used with three replications, four cultivars (GK010, GK011, GK012, and Motsumi) were assigned to main plots, while subplots were three intrarow plant spacing (10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm). Four agronomic variables and eight chemical compositions, including in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of husk, stem, and leaf, were measured. Spacing significantly (P < 0.05) influenced plant biomass, pod yield, harvest index, and seed yield, while cultivar affected only pod yield and seed yield. Plant biomass increased with plant spacing where 10 cm produced 936 kg/ha; 20 cm, 750 kg/ha; and 30 cm, 611 kg/ha for 2015–2016 while 10, 20, and 30 cm were observed for 1568 kg/ha, 1135 kg/ha, and 889 kg/ha, respectively, in 2016–2017 season. &ese trends are attributed to the higher plant population in the narrow row spacing. GK012 consistently outperformed other cultivars for plant biomass, pod yield, and seed yield and has a potential for further selection. Fodder nutritive qualities were not affected by cultivar, while spacing only influenced IVDMD. &e three plant parts were significantly (P < 0.05) different for all the nutritive qualities. Leaves had significantly (P < 0.05) lower values of ADF, CF, and NDF compared to those of stem and husk an indication of relatively higher digestibility of the leaf. Acid detergent fiber (40%), neutral detergent fiber (53.65%), crude fiber (35.45%), ash content (12.29%), dry matter (93.09%), and IVDMD (70.66%) were recorded. &is study revealed that tepary bean forage has good nutritional content, except for the low phosphorus level. For higher agronomic performance, tepary cultivars should be planted at a spacing of 10 cm without compromising forage quality

Keywords
Tepary bean, Phaseolus acutifolius A. GrayLegumes, Agronomic Performance, Fodder Quality, plant spacing
Contact name (for further information)
Molosiwa, O.O.
Contact email (for further information)
Contact institution (for further information)
National Agricultural Research and Development Institute (NARDI)- Botswana
Citation

Molosiwa, O.O., Baleseng, L. and Chirwa, R. (2022). Effect of Plant Spacing on Agronomic Performance and Fodder Quality of Four Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) Cultivars. Hindawi International Journal of Agronomy Volume 2022, Article ID 6590608

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6590608

 

CCARDESA Category

Proximate and Mineral Nutrition of Common Bean Genotypes as Influenced by Harvesting Time

Content Type
Author or Institution as Author
Moatshe-Mashiqa, O.G.
Co-authors

Mashiqa, P.K., Molosiwa, O.O.

Date of publication
Edition or Version
1.00
Institution
Canadian Center of Science and Education
Language
Gender marker
Youth marker
Description/Abstract

Common bean is the most consumed legume by humans and hence significant for global food security and nutritive value mainly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of harvesting time and genotypes on proximate and mineral composition of common bean. Two field experiments were carried out in Sebele (24o 33′S, 25o 54′E, 994 m above sea level) horticultural fields during summer 2018/2019. Treatments included two common bean genotypes DAB 564 (white) or 520 (red) and three harvesting stages as the early, mid and late season harvest. In both seasons, genotype and harvesting time significantly (P < 0.05) influenced proximate, macro and micro mineral composition of common bean seeds. Generally genotypes studied had a sufficient amount of proximate and mineral content with crude protein, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content as the most abundant minerals at a range between 20-22%, 33-101 mg g-1 and 41-45 mg g-1, respectively across harvesting times. Genotype DAB 564 (white coloured) significantly (P < 0.05) produced seeds with the highest concentration of proximate and mineral contents especially zinc (45 mg g-1) and iron (70 mg g-1) content irrespective of season. Harvesting common bean seed early or mid-stage produced high seed concentration of proximate, micro and macro mineral content across genotype or season.

Keywords
common bean, genotypes, harvesting time, zinc, iron, crude protein
Contact name (for further information)
Moatshe-Mashiqa, O.G.
Contact email (for further information)
Contact institution (for further information)
y Canadian Center of Science and Education
Citation

Moatshe-Mashiqa, O.G., Mashiqa, P.A, and Molosiwa, O.O. (2021). Proximate and Mineral Nutrition of Common Bean Genotypes as Influenced by Harvesting Time. Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 14, No. 1; 2022. p.85-93. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n1p85

CCARDESA Category

Stimulation of Soybean (Glycine max) Growth and Yield using Bradyrhizobium Inoculants in the Semi-arid Environment of Botswana

Content Type
Author or Institution as Author
Mosupiemang, M.
Co-authors

Bareeleng, K., Chiduwa, M.S., Molosiwa, O.O.

Date of publication
Edition or Version
1.00
Institution
Legume Research- An International Journal
Language
Gender marker
Youth marker
Description/Abstract

Background: Crop yields in the semi-arid regions are low due to climatic and soil related constraints. Soybean as one of the most important legume crops grown worldwide, has a role to contribute nitrogen to improve nutrient poor soils in Africa. A study was conducted to examine the effects of Bradyrhizobium spp inoculations on the growth and yield of soybean varieties in a glasshouse.

Methods: The study was arranged in a randomized complete block factorial design, with factor A being two soybean varieties (Bimha and Status) while factor B was inoculation using four Bradyrhizobium strains and the uninoculated control.

Result: Bradyrhizobium inoculation significantly (P<0.001) affected days to 50% flowering, days to emergence, nodule number, root dry weight and grain yield and yield traits. Parameters that were affected by both inoculant strain and variety included days to 50% flowering, days to emergence, number of pods per plant, pod weight and number of seeds per pod. The interaction effect of variety and Bradyrhizobium inoculant strain was observed only on number of pods per plants. Our study shows that soybean grows well when inoculated with Bradyrhizobium inoculants, in semi-arid conditions of Botswana.

Other Partners

Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security- Botswana

Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, Water, Fisheries and Rural Resettlement- Zimbabwe.

Keywords
Bradyrhizobium, Glycine max, Inoculants, Semi-arid, Soybean
Contact name (for further information)
Molosiwa, O.O.
Contact email (for further information)
Contact institution (for further information)
National Agricultural Research and Development Institute (NARDI)- Botswana
Citation

Mosupiemang, M., Bareeleng, K., Chiduwa, M.S. and Molosiwa, O.O. (2021). Stimulation of Soybean (Glycine max) Growth and Yield using Bradyrhizobium Inoculants in the Semi-arid Environment of Botswana. Legume Research. 44(10): 1186-1191. DOI: 10.18805/LR-624.

CCARDESA Category

Individual Consultant to Facilitate Resource Mobilisation Training Writeshop

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Author or Institution as Author
CCARDESA
Funding Partner
Date of publication
Edition or Version
1.00
Institution
CCARDESA
File format
Language
Description/Abstract

Individual Consultant to Facilitate Resource Mobilisation Training Writeshop 

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